This paper summarises experiences of empirical research carried out to evaluate information and communication technology (ICT)‑based services that aim at supporting older people in independent living. Over the course of four years, we have explored seve ral different ICT‑based service concepts in field trials. The goal of the field trials has been to expose innovative ICT‑based service concepts to the everyday life of older users through the adoption of services in real‑life use. As a result, rich data a bout user experience and the value of the service for different stakeholders has been collected and analysed. Conducting the field trials has exposed practical issues about how to conduct research with older users. In this paper, the experiences are summa rised. In addition, a conceptual framework for conducting user experience research is presented in order to understand the research approach that has been used in the individual case studies presented. The findings show that older participants differ from other user groups in several ways. Researchers faced challenges with research procedures during the field trials. These challenges were sometimes caused by their exploratory nature and the limited duration of the field trial; the participants of field tr ials did not always want to invest in adopting the services as part of their everyday routines, but instead restricted their use to testing technology and related services as objects isolated from their everyday lives. Often, this also led to situations w here participants judged the value of the service to "someone else", and were not willing to adopt it themselves.

Abstract: Often the purpose of personal health and well‑being systems is to change users? behaviour. Many theoretical frameworks have been developed to support the design and evaluation of these persuasive systems for behaviour change, but their design re mains challenging. No systematic way yet exists by which to put the information into practice and build in persuasiveness effectively. The aim of this study is to investigate how the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model can be utilised so as to support the development of personal health and well‑being systems. To do this, the study discusses and analyses related research and also integrates the PSD model into the development of two health‑related behaviour change support systems. In Case 1, the purpose of using the PSD model was to identify new persuasive functionality within a fall risk assessment and fall prevention system. In Case 2, the purpose of using the PSD model was to identify new persuasive functionality and new service concepts within an ex isting smartphone application for mental wellbeing. The study shows that the PSD model has been used in the development of BCSSs to describe the overall process, analyse the persuasion context and design system qualities. It has also been applied in the e valuation of the existing systems by providing heuristics for expert evaluations and systematic ways to analyse user experience data. The study also reveals that the PSD model can be successfully applied during the user requirements analysis and concept d esign phases to identify new potential persuasive functionalities. In both Case 1 and 2, this resulted in having more variety in persuasive functionalities compared to those in the initial user requirements or existing application. The PSD model provides support for designing and evaluating BCSSs, but some future directions of development of the model can be recognised.